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Citing Your Sources

Which citation style should I use?

Which citation style you should use usually depends upon your instructor's choice.  If you need to choose your own citation style, then you can use the style most often used by researchers in particular subject areas:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Social Sciences
  • Criminology
  • Business
  • Economics
  • Nursing
  • Engineering
  • English
  • Literature
  • Linguistics 
  • Art
  • History
  • Philosophy
  • Music
  • Religion
  • Language
  • History
  • Humanities
  • Religion
  • Natural Sciences
  • Physical Sciences
  • Social Sciences
  • ACS (American Chemical Society): Chemistry
  • AMA (American Medical Association): Medical Sciences
  • AMS (American Mathematical Society): Mathematics
  • The Bluebook: Legal Studies

Citation Styles: similarities and differences

Citations may look different, depending on what is being cited and which citation style is being used to create them. 

Citations consist of standard elements, and contain all the information necessary to identify and track down publications, including:

  • Author name(s)
  • Titles of books, articles, and journals
  • Date of publication
  • Page numbers
  • Volume and issue numbers (for articles)

Here is an example of an article citation using three different citation styles.  

  • MLA: Smith-Norowitz, Tamar. "Galileo's pancakes." The Scientist, vol. 17, no. 18, 22 Sept. 2003, p. 11.
  • APA: Smith-Norowitz, T. (2003, September 22). Galileo's pancakes. The Scientist, 17(18), 11.
  • Chicago/Turabian: Smith-Norowitz, Tamar. "Galileo's pancakes." The Scientist, September 22, 2003, 11.